Acanthosis nigricans is a common skin pigmentation disorder.
It’s marked by dark, velvety patches of skin that often feel thicker or leathery.
These patches commonly develop in skin folds and creases, such as on the neck, face, armpits, under the breasts, elbows, and groin.
The affected areas may sometimes itch, have an odor, and can develop skin tags.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Overweight and Obesity: Excess body weight can lead to insulin resistance, increasing the risk of this condition.
- Diabetes or Prediabetes: Elevated blood sugar levels are often linked to the development of acanthosis nigricans.
- High Insulin Levels: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to elevated insulin, which can be a trigger.
- Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid can also be associated with this skin condition.
- Medications and Supplements: Certain medications, such as high-dose vitamins, birth control pills, prednisone, and other corticosteroids, may lead to acanthosis nigricans.
- Certain Cancers: Some cancers, including lymphoma and cancers of the stomach, colon, or liver, may also cause these skin changes.
Diagnostic Tests and Lab Investigations
- HbA1c: Assesses blood sugar levels over the past three months.
- Serum Insulin: Measures insulin levels in the blood.
- Thyroid Profile: Checks for thyroid function.
- Ultrasound (USG) Whole Abdomen: Examines abdominal organs to rule out other health concerns.